angle iron trailer ramps plans

Tempted to use less than 2 x 2 x 1/8 inch angle iron? Welding The Hinge To The Ramp And Trailer, TIP 9. I recently got an AWS qualification to advance my skills. And acts to help prevent mud or dirt from the road from causing your hinge to seize up. You are using an out of date browser. Weld both sides (top and bottom) of the hinges, where they meet the metal frames. Now youve your utility trailer ramp gate plans. I then cut 5 pieces at 10 long. arrange to have your Regular Expanded Metal flooring cut at the diamond intersections. This trailer gate hinge idea is not the ideal mechanism as the weight support is all at the side. (16 to 30 drawing sheets plus 10 to 16 pages of instructions is typical). We tend to use what is available and make it work. Solid sheet metal creates more drag when the gate is up as youre driving along. Already know that youll be rolling up the ramp heavy machinery or plant? The mechanical engineers will laugh at me.. but CNC machines only go through the motions. Here are some aluminum ones. Just duck when you see a golf club in my hand. Remember in this video he is working on the Trailer floor itself however the principals are just as applicable to the build of your trailer ramp gate. When the ramp is up you can see Matts option for latching the ramp in the upright position. Remember, your ramp could be quite heavy with its wooden floor. Sheet metal is a potentially slippery surface material for your trailer ramp floor but when you do decide to go with sheet metal you can choose 14, 12 or 10 gauge sheet metal depending on how firm you want the flooring to be. While you plan how to build a trailer gate for your trailer. My home made car trailer ramps are 8' long 2' wide framed in 2" X 3/32 sq tube. The wood could get in the way of the ramp closing with this style of hinge. Amending this plan to make folding trailer ramp plans. Youll find here the 12 best hints and tips on How to build a trailer Ramp Gate before you set sail on your project. 2"x2"x1/4" angle for the main frame of the ramp and 1 1/2"x 1 1/2"x 1/4" for cross braces. Light duty ramps for loading lawn mowers, ATVs, UTVs, and light lawn tractors Specs: Length: 49" Width: 14" Height 2" Weight 30 lbs/each 2 Inch Angle Iron Uprights Steel Thickness: 3/16" 2x2 Inch Angle Iron Runners 2x2 Inch Angle Iron Lip Features: 5,000 lb Capacity Per Pair Heavy Duty Construction Fabricated In House These ramps come unpainted This article along with the plans PDFs, should see you well on your way to welding your own DIY trailer ramp gate. JavaScript is disabled. Each ramp is 60" long and 12" wide. Id still advise you to tack weld first, see how it all moves and if all is ok then you can go for the full weld. A set of hinges that work in only one direction and sit between the front rectangular section of the frame and the back rectangular section. You are now being directed to the checkout page. Tack weld everything first. A folding trailer ramp gate demands more work and effort but is a neat idea. 4 inches in length 8 inches in total. My ramps need to be able to take lowered cars, as well as cars with above average street car tires (basing that on the average 225mm wide tyres) so these ramps will accept streetcars with upto 300mm wide tires. Our 5k ramps are manufactured with a heavy duty flat plate to be RAMPS COME UNPAINTED; help protect against rust by painting black Length: 49" Width: 14.5" Channel: 2" Uprights 2 of 3/4 inch schedule 40 black pipe. Placing Your Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Hinges, TIP 8. But you can use a latch pin to secure your ramp in place or a chain arrangement. Adding The Cross Members To Your Trailer Ramp Gate, TIP 6. Say the ramps are 4' long and the trailer bed is 2' high. A Guide For Extraordinary People, Forney Easy Weld 29901 (Review) 17 Reasons To Weld With One, (Is It A Mistake To Spend Your Cash On) Goplus MIG 130. The more welding you do the sturdier and safer your ramp will be. Heres the overall plan look for your DIY trailer ramp gate when its all put together. Unit price/case (in usd) $ 46.75: Some plans include only the base trailer (with. (take a look at the picture in the hinges section above. Matts utility trailer ramp gate plans uses solid sheet metal to cover the entire surface. Then tack weld the cross member. Pair of 2" Angle Iron Steel Loading Ramps (5,000 lb Capacity) $354 $300. Of course these would not be used where the ramps meet the trailer. The choice of trailer frame material in this area is critical. His utility trailer plans describe a complete trailer build. I doubt if you would have a problem with 2500 lbs. Means making the gate ramp described in two sections. Compatible with trailer decks from 12" to 20" high, the heavy equipment ramps measure 6 ft. x 14" and are rated to support up to 12,000 lbs per axle. Using Sheet Metal Flooring For Your Ramp, TIP 11. I got to blocking them in the center to keep from bending them after I turned them over and drove on them to straighten them. Look back earlier in this article to the part about positioning your hinges. Make a car ramp for your vehicle. Weld two to four inch metal extensions to both sides of the end of your trailer. Drill some holes through so you can use a bought or made latch pin to secure the trailer in its upright position. We take quality seriously so you can have the right part first time around. And you can achieve decent weld penetrations and youre now ready for a project. not to mention when youre actually using the ramp gate. Making sure both sides are the same width. Forney 261 Welder Review, Got An Urge To Buy One? Welding really struck a chord with me, and Ive been passionately doing it for almost 9 years now. There you have it your utility trailer tailgate plan parts step by step. Some plans include only the base trailer (with. How about 3" channel and the angle cross bars with 1/2" flat plate for the hinge with a 1" bar for the pin. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Specs For The 5 x 8 Utility Trailer * Axle Type: Single Axle * GVWR: 3500# * Frame: Angle Iron * Cross Members: Angle Iron * Actual Deck Size: 5' x 8' Youll find the FULL material list in the PDF document. Then tack weld the cross member. First, cut the wood to the required dimension and get the fillets done and edge sloped. The formula for the ramp you are describing can be found here: Structural Beam Deflection, Stress, Bending Equations and calculator for a Beam Supported on Both Ends Loaded Two equal Loads. * Includes the instructions for building angle iron ramps. 22 Inch Angle Iron Lip. This will make it easier for the pieces of your hinge to glide past each other and work smoothly first time. You can see the overall shape as your trailer ramp comes together. Ive tried to illustrate in the above picture what I mean by flooring welding both sides of the cross members on the underside. This page was generated at 12:38 AM. All four tractor tires at once. 3rd Floor, Suite 314, Fountainhead Tower, 8200 W Interstate 10, San Antonio, TX 78230 Tel: (210) 525 8317. Flat 4 Pole Light Plug Connector. All aluminum 6005T5 alloy construction. Heres a link to the free Utility Trailer Plans. 3500# Genuine Dexter Spring Axle w/E-Z Lube Hubs. I used to have a great set of notes that listed all my comonly used formulas and the coresponding diagrams but I may have loaned themto someone a while back. Then work out where to place the remaining cross members evenly to support the rest of your trailer ramp. Construction-3x2x1/4 angle for outside rail. Take care not to over weld and weld the center piece accidentally. Just look, 2, 3, or 4 drawing sheets are not adequate to fully describe a trailer design. At The Trailer Parts Outlet, we provide the best information available about our product. check out the. I'll have to dig out my books and read up on some of the terms and crank a few numbers out. An I-beam or channel shape would serve better. To start with I cut 2 pieces of 2 x 2 x 1/8 thick angle iron. Get The Low Down On (The Millermatic 135), Hobart 140 Welding Cart And Save Your Back From Your Handler, What Is A MIG Welder? But the part of ramp angle iron thats for the sides you cut straight. Both pieces were cut 3 feet long. Generally, weld at sufficient intervals to secure the floor to the frame and the cross members. This is so the trailer gate ramp when finished sits upright. I would start with 3" channel iron and 2"x1/8" angle for the rungs. Put them under where your plant or machinery wheels would roll. Adding The Cross Members That way you've the maximum surface area for when you come to fully weld on your ramp flooring or deck. And worry that four or five foot of ramp gate up in the air will cause too much wind resistance. For end pieces of the ramp hinge. You use two half inch diameter solid rods. 2x2" angle iron 8' long will never be tuff enough. 2 of 48 inch lengths of 2 x 2 x 1/8th inch steel angle iron for the sides of the trailer ramp gate frame. As the name implies, hook-end ramps feature a hook at the end, which locks into trailer rub rails and angle iron trailer sides. Trailer Ramps; Trailer Repair; Specials; Contact Us; LT Truck Tire; Online Store; View Larger Map. My ramps are intended to have a removable ramp and will most likely be made from 25mm x 3mm thick galvanised angle iron. Serrated cross rungs provide maximum . And add that to your materials list. You dont want your fingers. Goal Oriented Aim to put your utility trailer gate hinges where you need the strength for your ramp. TIP 6. If something is missing or if you need help with anything at all just let us know. Some other plans include only the base trailer (very few variations or options). This picture shows the hinge being put together. our 2" Angle Iron Steel Loading Ramps Can Handle up to 5,000 Pounds. If you do not have a yardstick, carefully measure out 36" with a tape measure or other straight, rigid object. I think they would support 4000-5000 lbs each. The raised kind not the flattened kind provides a roughened surface and some traction. Light duty ramps for loading lawn mowers, ATVs, UTVs, and light lawn tractors Specs: Our company is dedicated to providing the very best quality products and service. Something your proud of, something youd love to show off to your friends, Now youve your Trailer Ramp Gate Plans in Hand. Pair of 2 angle iron steel loading ramps (5,000 lb capacity) sku: To put them together id run some angle (2 inch on the 3 in channel, 2.5 in on the 4 in) inside the rails as it will make them super strong and very easy to store. per ramp for a total vehicle weight capacity of 6,000 lbs. Happy customers is our number one goal!We strive to be the best in the industry and innovate our products. Then tack weld the cross member. they will bend after awhile. And this may well mean you have to allow for more cross members and so lengths of angle iron. to your vehicle, trailer, garage wall, or any flat . Now you can place the pieces of pipe into the right angle and shape. When youve followed the advice here. 2 of 58 inches lengths of 2 x 2 x 1/8th inch steel angle iron for the front and back of the trailer ramp frame. They don't deflect at all. The Specs For The 8 x 16 Car Trailer: * Frame: 4" Channel * Cross Members: 3" Channel * Axle Type: Tandem Axle When I tried to load a 5000 lb tractor they bent much worse. One with more clearance. More cross members will add 47.75 inches per extra cross member to the total above. High quality, long lasting tires & wheels to keep your trailer rolling. Our Core Values: Transparent Basic ideas are that i want to make the platform section around 350mm high, 300mm wide (across the tyre) and 500mm long (from front of ramp to back) and approximately 1200mm long ramp section which is detachable, so the vehicle would be left on the platform in the air with no. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. If you havent got your trailer ramp gate plans together and would like some help then do head on over to the Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Plan article and take a look at the images, guidance and videos there. Hook end ramps provide a more secure connection than plate end ramps. If you decide on sheet metal for your flooring. Weld the floor to the frame securely around the sides both on the top and to the under side of the frame. Two per hinge on either side of the 8.5 inch pipe section. Just pair two up 24" apart and weld angles back and forth across the top, and stiffening angles across the bottom at 6 inch intervals. As a word of caution, don't ignore the tongue beams, and don't negate their importance. And the key things to keep in mind during the build of your utility trailer ramp gate. Top and bottom rungs are 1x1x1/4 ang facing up and welded to the 5 flat. Having gone to all this trouble when you weld up the piece and it is not square youre going to be in a world of trouble later; Take your time and measure and measure again so its just right. Can I Use This Plan For A Folding Trailer Ramp Gate? You can download this PDF from Red Wing Steel Works. Nifty for wheeling up your off road bike. Welding Project Plans - Trailer Ramps Project To start with I used the Longevity MIGweld 140 to fabricate this project. My brothers trailer has 30 tall sides and has little ramps that are about 5 long and when not in use, become the tailgate (they. Then youll need a five foot ramp. Get your trailer back on the road, find the part you need. Measure from the ground to the top of your current trailer door/ramp at the hinge point. . These hassle-free, lightweight ramps are ideal for low-ground-clearance cars with extra-wide tires. Race Ramps has the solution for you: simply place your trailer door on the notch of our specially-designed Trailer Ramps and decrease your angle of approach to as little as 4.3 degrees. He then accurately measures the second diagonal of the trailer frame. I'm trying to figure out what size angle iron it would have to be for loading a 3500-4000 lb CT onto a trailer. The best place to place your hinges particularly when youre moving heavy equipment up the ramp would be where the wheels of the equipment would run. I can't give you a specific answer, but I can tell you about the ramps I built. I'm getting the idea of 2x2 x 1/4" angle sides and 1x1 angle rungs spaced closer than 8". Tack weld everything up so you see how it all works for you and your trailer before putting in the final welds. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Whatever you choose to use. Now you can place the pieces of pipe into the right angle and shape. Double check where your trailer floor ends to see if you need a different type of hinge. Measure the thickness of trailer door/ramp. Along with the plans PDFs and youll links so you can watch the videos. When youre making your own hinges, take care on both the hinges to only fully weld where you need to so that your hinge moves freely. STANDARD FEATURES. Unless you particularly want the kudos of making your own latch pins. You can either make your own trailer ramp hinges as shown in the plans. What is the deck height of the trailer? Weld fully both sides of all the cross members where they meet the frame. check out the. Yes, I agree with Matt in that you could use a framing square but with a piece this large it is just not going to be accurate enough. 2209 Interstate 45 North, Madisonville, TX 77864, Pair of 2" Angle Iron Steel Loading Ramps (5,000 lb Capacity), Pair of 3" Channel Heavy Duty Steel Loading Ramps (8,000 lb Capacity), Pair of 4" Channel Heavy Duty Steel Loading Ramps (10,000 lb Capacity) - Unpainted, Completely Custom Steel Loading Ramps (Call For Pricing), [email protected]. And use for your quad bike, motorcycle. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. per ramp for a total vehicle weight capacity of 6,000 lbs. Need plans for the trailer in this video? And fold and unfolded. Light duty ramps for loading lawn mowers, ATVs, UTVs, and light lawn tractors. Our detailed trailer plans come with complete instructions and materials list. Basic ideas are that i want to make the platform section around 350mm high, 300mm wide (across the tyre) and 500mm long (from front of ramp to back) and approximately 1200mm long ramp section which is detachable, so the vehicle would be left on the platform in the air with no. All tips go towards helping our hard working employees and to making sure you have a great online buying experience. 10 ton dump bed lift kit $ 1,199.00; At this point, the loads of the main beams transition to the tongue beams. one that is powered by 230 volts, that way youll have a MIG with the amperage you need to get good weld penetration. Record that height here (in inches). May 7, 2007. Basic ideas are that i want to make the platform section around 350mm high, 300mm wide (across the tyre) and 500mm long (from front of ramp to back) and approximately 1200mm long ramp section which is detachable, so the vehicle would be left on the platform in the air with no. Our plans ensure your success. This is the second part of a two part article series. Angle is now in compression, rod is in tension, efficient and strong. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Matt has an eight minute video that discusses how he goes about squaring up a piece this large. I cut it off twice and it's still too short! Including a tip is always optional. Assuming youre making your own hinges and not using hinges youve purchased. Both ends of the side lengths of angle iron you cut at a 45 degree angle on one side. You can use 2 x 3 x 3/16 steel square tubing for a stronger more rigid trailer ramp. They were 2 x 2 x 1/4 angle about 6' long to get the ramp long enough so I could drive the lift onto the trailer without dragging the bottom. Then run a full length piece of rod, pipe whatever end to end bending it up over the standoff. These light duty ramps are the easiest option for loading your smaller utility vehicles such as lawn mowers, ATVs, UTVs or light tractors. Bodybagger I'm curious as to how you came up with your moment calc. 2 of 47.75 inches of 2 x 2 x 1/8th inch steel angle iron for the cross members. Make it easy for you to secure your trailer ramp. If you follow this advice and do exactly this youll know that the trailer ramp gate frame is square. I used 2" by 3/16 angle when I made the ramps for my trailer. [7 Steps With Pictures] Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Plans, Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Plans Materials List, Alternative Frame Material You Could Consider, Step 5 Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Hinges, Step 7 Trailer Ramp Gate Flooring Or Deck, Utility Trailer Ramp Gate Plans Build Material Totals, Latching Your Ramp Utility Trailer Gate Latch Ideas. L 2x2x1/8" is a very different animal that 2x2 3/8. I'll also have to see if I can lay my hands on the AISC manual and take a look at the pages you recomended. If youve the time it is well worth watching. Mine are 5' long and made from 2x2x1/4" thick angel iron. So you can build your own homemade trailer ramp gate. The barrel style of hinge detailed here may not work for your trailer ramp gate. Matt has an outline plan for you to make your own latch pins. Because youre going to need two fronts and two backs. Our Core Values: Transparent Heres a link to the full 17 minute YouTube video from Red Wing Steel Works covering the trailer ramp plans. If you currently have side rails that end at the end of your trailer. Either side on the underside of your trailer ramp gate. Ramps with hook ends also fit into our Alumi-Loc attaching system, which is a great accessory for trailers that lack a mounting point. Sign up to receive special offers and keep in contact with us. And trailer ramp gate designs. Then when you come to weld the trailer ramp hinge in place you weld the fixed end pieces along the top and along the underside to your trailer. But not hold it so rigid so that when you put in the cross members. Just be sure youve a MIG welder that is up to the job. The ramps will not slide, scratch, or otherwise damage any floor type and can hold up to 1,500 lbs. The middle hinges fixed so they fold in the opposite direction as the hinges attaching the ramp to the end of the trailer important! 22 Inch Angle Iron Runners. 205/75R15 C Range Tires. It will be the place of maximum strength to roll your machinery up and over. Trailer Axles ranging from 2,000 lb to 12,000 lb. You cut the part of the angle iron that forms the bottom at a 45 degree angle. To start with I used the Longevity MIGweld 140 to fabricate this project. Now, I have decided to help others to learn so I released a, Welding Project Plans Trailer Ramps Project, Selecting the Right Size Welding Gas Tank for MIG & TIG, Important MIG Welder Settings You Need to Know (with Chart). Using an angle for a beam puts all the tensile stress where the metal is the thinnest. You could use chain to latch your trailer ramp gate. Bolt-on installation. Some recommended products may use affiliate links. At the center put a 4" tall standoff on the bottom. White Spoke Wheels - Bolt Pattern 5 - 4 1/2. Note that, he is actually constructing a trailer gate rather than a ramp gate, however most of the principals he goes over are still completely valid. As theyll help you to move your ramp up and down. Basic ideas are that i want to make the platform section around 350mm high, 300mm wide (across the tyre) and 500mm long (from front of ramp to back) and approximately 1200mm long ramp section which is detachable, so the vehicle would be left on the platform in the air with no. I'd go with Diamondpilot's size. You use to fold your ramp up in the opposite direction to the hinges attaching the ramp to the end of your trailer. Including a tip is always optional. As well as the above materials. When ordering raw materials, you can expect minor rust that will need to be cleaned upon arrival to you. Place one or two cross members where the wheels would roll. If you want them light you need to use the material efficiently, which 2 angles are not. You can make any adjustments you need to before everything is fully welded. 10 ton dump bed lift kit $ 1,199.00; Dump bed door latch $ 2.70; To start with i cut 2 pieces of 2 x 2 x 1/8 thick angle iron. Choosing to use 2 x 4 wood for the floor of your ramp could mean; If you want to use wood flooring for your homemade trailer ramp gate then; Check where the existing flooring of your utility trailer ends. Regular Expanded Metal has sharp edges and has a habit of cutting up hands using the trailer ramp when the sharp edges are left on and uncovered. These ramps are ideal for loading utility trailer, landscape trailers or even dump trailers with lighter equipment such as Lawn mowers, 4-Wheelers, ATVs, UTVs and even some smaller light tractors. Is your trailer door too steep to get your car to the track or autocross? Capacity-I've had 5000+lbs on them. But this gives you a smooth surface. Goal Oriented I like a wood floor. But for now tack weld, see how it all works and moves. I have marked the section in yellow on the picture below so youre clear on what needs to be welded. TIP 12. Youll need to consider how you secure your ramp in its folded up position by increasing the length of the extension you add to your trailer side arms for the ramp gate. Or sit on mower. So when your trailer ramp gate is folded down the hinges come to a stop with the ramp flat straight important! The plan allows for two cross members but you may need three or four to support your trailer ramp gate well. Keep the pieces into the right angle. To match the front and back of the frame. May it be something that is not only functional, works great and looks good it is something youre proud of. These are excellent for driving your ATV, lawn mower, small tractor, or whatever youre using it for. Only the end pieces of the hinges are welded to the trailer. #8. Side of Ramp Frame. Make the metal extension sturdy with 2 x 2 x 1/8 th angle iron or 2 x 3 x 3/18 ths square tubing. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc or its affiliates. The trailer the plan describes is capable of supporting a load of up to 3500 lbs. Lengths and angles. Its your ramp hinge pin 17 inches in total. One thing I do is carry a set of jackstands & if I thibk the ramps will be over loaded I put a jackstand under each ramp which cut's the span in half. This way they are not too heavy but ready to overload if needed. To act as center pieces for the ramp hinge. That way when youre welding your Regular Expanded Iron sheeting to the frame youve the maximum surface area available to weld. You could just as well buy trailer latch pins from Amazon or your local trailer or builders supply store. And you should tailor to your own needs. I recommend this welder as a low cost way to get started MIG welding, and because it has been a good welder. And this would be where the tires of your Quad or mower would roll off the ramp and onto your utility trailer. Ideas expressed may be mine, or from anyone else in the universe. Its reasonably rigid. Even done a bit of Blacksmithing in my time.I enjoy helping novice welders find their feet.In my spare time youll find me enjoying a game of football.And on the odd weekend paying a round of golf badly. When all your parts are cut to the right dimensions, putting it all together becomes a breeze. They are heavy also. Part # Dimensions Investment; 7119-Q: 12" x 4' $ Call: 7120-Q: 12" x 5' $ Call: 7118-Q: 15" x 4' $ Call: You can get pretty far with your build of the trailer ramp gate by tack welding. You can use a latch pin to secure your ramp in place or a chain arrangement. Including building a trailer ramp gate. The center piece is the part welded to your ramp and moves as your ramp goes up and down. That way youve the maximum surface area for when you come to fully weld on your ramp flooring or deck. Serrated cross-rod design spaced 4" apart for excellent traction. Capacity | High Capacity Ramps | Northern Tool + Equipment. The front ramps are made by 1"x1" square tubing. Test the brake lights and turn signals before you take the trailer on the road. When you weld fully, any mistakes mean that you have a full weld to deal with before you can fix the problem. ), their ramps are made from angle and seem to work well. Drill a hole through the extension and the metal frame of your ramp gate and then use a metal rod to act as a basic hinge. Then tack weld the cross member. And use half inch solid rod so that it can adequately carry the weight of your gate ramp. E-Mail Us: [email protected], Visit Us : 2209 I-45 N Madisonville, TX. Following cutting your piping to length de burr the ends so they are smooth. Its more likely that youll want flooring with grip. Gday, as the title suggests, im after some car ramp plans that i can make myself. 2 Inch Angle Iron Uprights. Sign up to receive special offers and keep in contact with us. Top lip that sits on deck and bottom approach plate 51/4 flat. Also weld the floor underneath to the cross members, both sides to prevent your weld rolling and failing. The four inch section forms the center of the ramp hinge. Regular Expanded Metal flooring (not the flattened kind) is a good choice for trailer ramp flooring. Pair of 2" Angle Iron Steel Loading Ramps (5,000 lb Capacity) opens full screen video in same window. 10 gauge, #9 3/4 inch diamond sections is a great choice. My truck weighs about 6000# or so. Adaptive Disciplined Taking Ownership. OR consider using the open mesh of Regular Expanded Metal, my personal favorite. I started welding at 27 and now have over 20 years on the job experience. 2 x 8.5 inch lengths of 3/4 solid steel rod for inside the ramp hinge. Our Company is Dedicated To Deliver Solutions Faster Than Anyone Else, So The DOERS Can DO! If it's just for hauling bikes, angle iron will be plenty strong enough assuming it's a well-built trailer. Also weld as often as youve the patience, to the cross members. You want each ramp to hold 2 tons, and they will be 5 long. Matt suggests a 2 inch length of weld at 12 inch intervals as a minimum to weld the floor to the frame. And you need a shallow climb to your ramp. Theyre a great set of steel trailer ramp designs to start your build of your utility trailer ramp gate. Place a yardstick/tape measure at the base of your front wheel. Here is the link to the full eight minute YouTube video where Matt fully explains how to go about squaring up and tack welding correctly.

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