similarities of ethnocentrism and xenocentrism

However, indiscriminately embracing everything about a new culture is not always possible. Reading: Social and Psychological Changes of Aging, 186. It can also lead to discrimination against people who are different. Shed stepped out of her comfort zone. A preference for the products, styles, or ideas of a different culture. Originally from Indiana, Barger hesitated when invited to join a local snowshoe race. Caitlin was half asleep by the time supper was servedat 10 p.m.! Reading: Lines of Descent and Family Stages, 141. People with a strong sense of ethnocentrism tend to dislike this sort of change, even where it has many advantages. Xenocentrism - Wikipedia What Caitlin hadnt realized was that people depend not only on spoken words but also on subtle cues like gestures and facial expressions, to communicate. The belief that ones culture is inferior to another culture is called: 2. He knew hed never hold his own against these experts. Sure enough, he finished last, to his mortification. Some travelers pride themselves on their willingness to try unfamiliar foods, like celebrated food writer Anthony Bourdain, while others return home expressing gratitude for their native cultures fare. The basis for evaluation differs according to the view employed. It is impossible for anyone to keep all cultural biases at bay; the best we can do is strive to be aware of them. 14 Best Examples of Ethnocentrism (For Students) By the end of Caitlins trip, shed made new lifelong friends. They served wine and toasted their honored guest. Reading: Social Constructions of Reality, 51. The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture. Another example would be the deforestation of the Amazon Basin as indigenous cultures lose land to timber corporations. In some Middle Eastern cultures, it is common to stand close to others in conversation. An American visiting Italy might long for a real pizza or complain about the unsafe driving habits of Italians compared to people in the United States. Such characters are called cultural universals. Introductory Sociology by Lumen Learning is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. An exchange student from China might be annoyed by the constant interruptions in class as other students ask questionsa practice that is considered rude in China. For example, in many countries, religious minorities (religions that are not the dominant religion) often face discrimination. Outcome: Sexual Attitudes and Practices, 132. But bit by bit, they became stressed by interacting with people from a different culture who spoke another language and used different regional expressions. During his time with the Inuit tribe, Barger learned to engage in cultural relativism. Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all of the differences of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. It can take weeks or months to recover from culture shock, and it can take years to fully adjust to living in a new culture. Ethnocentrism can be a contributing factor to prejudice, racism, and xenophobia. Outcome: Challenges Facing the Elderly, 189. They help people know when to shake hands, where to sit, how to converse, and even when to laugh. Anthropologist Ken Barger (1971) discovered this when he conducted a participatory observation in an Inuit community in the Canadian Arctic. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. European colonizers often viewed the people in the lands they colonized as uncultured savages who were in need of European governance, dress, religion, and other cultural practices. Originally from Indiana, Barger hesitated when invited to join a local snowshoe race. What Caitlin hadnt realized was that people depend not only on spoken words but also on subtle cues like gestures and facial expressions, to communicate. For example, while all cultures have language, analysis of particular language structures and conversational etiquette reveal tremendous differences. Xenocentrism is the preference for the cultural practices of other cultures and societies, such as how they live and what they eat, rather than of one's own social way of life. Culture shock may appear because people arent always expecting cultural differences. For instance, a particular practice may seem immoral or unethical according to the beliefs of a different culture, but those same practices may be perfectly acceptable and normal with respect to its own culture. Even the most culturally relativist people from egalitarian societiesones in which women have political rights and control over their own bodieswould question whether the widespread practice of female genital mutilation in countries such as Ethiopia and Sudan should be accepted as a part of cultural tradition. During her summer vacation, Caitlin flew from Chicago to Madrid to visit Maria, the exchange student shed befriended the previous semester. Some travelers pride themselves on their willingness to try unfamiliar foods, like celebrated food writer Anthony Bourdain, while others return home expressing gratitude for their native cultures fare. 26 Ethnocentrism synonyms. Experiencing new cultures offers an opportunity to practice cultural relativism. while ethnocentrism leans towards intolerance, cultural relativism leans towards incredibly high tolerance of cultural features. Youll have more success on the Self-Check, if youve completed the three Readings in this section. Trying hard and working together, two nonmaterial values, were indeed much more important than winning. ethnocentrism: the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture material culture: the objects or belongings of a group of people nonmaterial culture: the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society xenocentrism: a belief that another culture is superior to one's own [/hidden-answer] Ethnocentrism vs Cultural Relativism The difference between these two worldviews are vast but both views are very well and alive in today's society. Eventually, as people learn more about a culture, they recover from culture shock. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, 171. By the end of Caitlins trip, shed made new lifelong friends. Reading: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 109. Reading: Introduction to Work and the Economy, 205. Ethnocentric people think the ways they do things is the way things should be done, and every other culture's way of doing things is unsavory or undesirable. Someone from a country where dog meat is standard fare might find it off-putting to see a dog in a French restaurantnot on the menu, but as a pet and patrons companion. Reading: Defining the Sociological Imagination, 13. Based on this subjective perception of other cultures, two types of views emerge when one compares two or more cultures. Caitlins shock was minor compared to that of her friends Dayar and Mahlika, a Turkish couple living in married student housing on campus. a tendency to evaluate other people, activities, cultures, etc. She missed her home and felt overwhelmed by the new customs, language, and surroundings. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. Xenocentrism: Concept in Sociology and Examples But bit by bit, they became stressed by interacting with people from a different culture who spoke another language and used different regional expressions. It can take weeks or months to recover from culture shock, and it can take years to fully adjust to living in a new culture. For example, Americans tend to say that people from England drive on the wrong side of the road, rather than on the other side. In the United States, its most likely filled with coffee, not Earl Grey tea, a favorite in England, or Yak Butter tea, a staple in Tibet. She missed her home and felt overwhelmed by the new customs, language, and surroundings. Outcome: Sociological Views on Religion, 149. This is an example of: [reveal-answer q=501221]Show Glossary[/reveal-answer] Reading: Functionalist Theory on Education, 158. Ethnocentrism is a global phenomenon and influences social interaction 1,2.It has been the source of ethnic strains in different regions, such as South Africa and Lebanon 3.It is assumed to be a . Reading: Roles and the Presentation of Self, 52. 5.5: Reading: Ethnocentrism and Xenocentricism is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Cultural relativism is a view that a culture must be judged according to its own cultural standards. Outcome: Types of Formal Organizations, 69. Why do you believe this? Reading: Healthcare Outside of the United States, 179. and should therefore serve as the standard frame of reference. People with the best intentions sometimes travel to a society to help its people, because they see them as uneducated or backwardessentially inferior. Reading: Recent Economic Conditions in the United States, 211. " Ethnocentrism, a term coined by William Graham Sumner, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the "right" way to look at the world. People react to frustration in a new culture, Oberg found, by initially rejecting it and glorifying ones own culture. 1. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, 102. Often, people in the United States express disgust at other cultures cuisine and think that its gross to eat meat from a dog or guinea pig, for example, while they dont question their own habit of eating cows or pigs. Ethnocentrism, as sociologist William Graham Sumner (1906) described the term, involves a belief or attitude that ones own culture is better than all others. Examples of Xenocentrism (and Their Impact on Society) Xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism, which means to value one's own culture more than the other's culture. In psychological terms, xenocentrism is considered a type of deviant behavior because it sways from the norms of society. Caitlin had trouble interpreting her hosts facial expressions, and didnt realize she should make the next toast. An exchange student from China might be annoyed by the constant interruptions in class as other students ask questionsa practice that is considered rude in China. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism | Introduction to Sociology The way individuals perceive other cultural practices can be broadly segregated into two types - cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Practicing cultural relativism requires an open mind and a willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. The way cuisines vary across cultures fascinates many people. Putting It Together: Sociological Foundations, 34. The people who maintain an ethnocentric view in life will not typically bother much about other societies and cultures in the world, past or present. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Putting It Together: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, 83. Hence, no theory is strictly enforced during cultural studies, therefore allowing one to understand another culture without the need to approve or disapprove of it. An exchange student from China might be annoyed by the constant interruptions in class as other students ask questionsa practice that is considered rude in China. Perhaps the greatest challenge for sociologists studying different cultures is the matter of keeping a perspective. A good example of ethnocentrism is referring to parts of Asia as the Far East. One might question, Far east of where?. Sanai had been forced to flee war-torn Bosnia with her family when she was fifteen. Over the course of his stay, Barger participated in caribou hunts, learned how to take shelter in winter storms, and sometimes went days with little or no food to share among tribal members. In the United States, its most likely filled with coffee, not Earl Grey tea, a favorite in England, or Yak Butter tea, a staple in Tibet. To the Inuit people, winning was enjoyable, but their culture valued survival skills essential to their environment: how hard someone tried could mean the difference between life and death. Ethnocentrism can be so strong that when confronted with all of the differences of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration. Reading: Global Stratification and Inequality, 100. Reading: Systems of Social Stratification, 87. Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. Exceptionalism They help people know when to shake hands, where to sit, how to converse, and even when to laugh. We relate to others through a shared set of cultural norms, and ordinarily, we take them for granted.

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